Tips and Hazards
To accompany our interactive guide, this website provides helpful wildlife watching tips and cautions. This page includes information on wildlife and birdwatching on state gamelands, observing and identifying wildlife, hazards and caveats, and water safety and recreation.
Wildlife Watching on State Gamelands
Many of the sites listed in the interactive trail guide are in State Gamelands which provide excellent opportunities for wildlife watching. They were created for the purpose of providing habitat for wildlife and hunting opportunities. Therefore, hunters are using these areas; please be respectful of their time. Also, please respect posted regulations and remember to wear 250 square inches of fluorescent orange on the head, chest, and back when visiting State Gamelands or other areas open to hunting during fall, winter, and spring hunting seasons.
Some areas are off-limits to visitors year-round or during the breeding season. Please observe all "area closed" signs and respect the needs of all wildlife. The Pennsylvania Game Commission has worked cooperatively with Guide partners in providing safe access to wildlife viewing area on State Gamelands.
Observing and Identifying Birds and Wildlife
Two simple guidelines will save hours of frustration:
- Look in the right place
- Look at the right time
Read more about the seasonality of birdwatching in Pa.
Use a list of common birds and mammals to learn about the species you hope to see - such as the habitat in which it would be found and the time of year or time of day you would expect to see it. Dusk and dawn are often the best times to birdwatch and view wildlife.
Here are some tips that will aid in observation and identification:
- Consider finding a good spot, standing still and allowing the birds to come to you.
- Scan trees and shrubs for movement and listen carefully. Many birds are heard first.
- Observe and study the bird as long as you can, then consult the guide.
- Note the size of the species, particularly in relation to a standard. (For example, you might note if the bird were bigger or smaller than a robin.)
- Observe body shapes (such as slender or chunky), bill shape, feet, tail length and shape, and wing and head patterns or markings (bars).
- Note flight pattern and behavior. What is it doing? Is it vocalizing?
- Observe your surroundings. Birds are often associated with particular habitats.
- Refer to the range map in your field guide.
- When on a group tour, the face of the clock is often used as a reference to describe the location of wildlife to group members. When facing forward, to the front of you would be 12 o'clock. To the right would be 3 o'clock, etc.
- To use binoculars, first locate the object using the naked eye. Without moving your eyes from the object, bring the binoculars to your eye. If you can't locate the object in your lens, locate a larger, recognizable object as a reference point and try again. Learn to use the diopter feature to get clear vision. Ask your optics dealer or an experienced birder.
- Practice alone, but also tag along with experienced birders.
Hazards and Caveats
Inherent outdoor dangers can be avoided with proper planning and precautions.
- Learn about the three venomous snakes native to Pennsylvania - two species of rattlesnakes and the copperhead. Always check before putting your hands in cracks and crevices, and use extreme caution when scampering in rocky areas. If you see a snake, leave it alone. They will almost never bother you unless provoked or stepped on.
- Learn to identify poison ivy, oak, and sumac.
- Wear light-colored clothing to increase your ability to spot ticks on you. Check yourself frequently.
- Wear protection against the sun, such as lotion and a hat, to prevent sunburn.
- Know your limitations as many locations may be isolated and/or out of cellular phone range. Carry a compass and map, and know how to use them if venturing into wild areas. Always inform a friend or family member of your itinerary.
Water Safety and Recreation
Water attracts people as well as birds. Use caution and common sense to avoid accidents when birdwatching around water. Check the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission website for launch locations, regulations, guidelines, and useful tips on boating safety.
Pennsylvania's rivers and streams often flood after heavy rains. Be mindful of your surroundings, and recent and current weather conditions. Water levels are available at the U.S. Geological Survey. Always communicate travel plans to family or friends, and be prepared for emergencies, and water and weather conditions. When birding from a boat launch, be mindful of other users.
Pennsylvania now has 17 water trails! Water trails are recreational corridors between specific locations. They are comprised of access points, boat launches, day use sites, and - in some cases - overnight camping areas. Each water trail is unique - a reflection of Pennsylvania's diverse geology, ecology, and communities. Visit Pa FBC's Water Trails website for lots of information. Boat smart from the start - wear a life jacket!
